Bangladesh, the largest Delta of the world, is situated on the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta. Many other Rivers and tributaries are flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The flooding results with the outburst of riverbanks of Bangladesh are common and severely affect the landscape and Bangladeshi society. Bangladesh falls under tropical monsoon climate zone and is one of the wettest in the world. Around 1,525 mm of rain is observed in a year, and areas near the hills observe around 5,080 mm. Most rains occur during the monsoon (June-September) and little in winter (November-February). This heavy rainfall twins with “Farakka Dam” on the Ganges causes the flood to occur almost every year.

The Ganges got the birth from the Himalayas and crossed India and Bangladesh towards the Bay of Bengal. India is controlling the regular flow of the Ganges. During drought they are not allowing a normal water flow of the Ganges towards Bangladesh using “Farakka Dam”. As a result the Padma (Bangladesh portion of the Ganges) losses its regular flow or current causing mud to fall on its route to lessen the depth of the Padma. Now during the rainy season with the massive increase of water level in the Ganges India must release a high volume of water through ‘Farakka Dam’ causing the Padma to overflow. Bangladesh Inundates under water. There are a lot of reasons causing world temperature going high. This influences the ice to melt and the sea level to increase. The Himalayas doing the same and causing the water level of the Ganges go higher and inundates portion of Bangladesh almost every year.

Deforestation in the Himalayas is aggravating floods in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. When the Himalayas were covered in woods the case of heavy floods was seen twice in a century in Bangladesh. With the deforestation in the Himalayas the average became once in four years. ”Bangladesh in grave danger: deforestation in Himalayas aggravating floods.” (Bangladesh Observer, 2 June 1990). ”When the Himalayas were covered in trees, Bangladesh suffered a major flood about twice a century; one every four years is now the average.” (UNEP 1992). ”The severe floods in eastern India and Bangladesh are not the result of a natural disaster, but of a ruthless exploitation of wood which has been practiced over centuries in the forests of the Himalayas.” (Basler Zeitung, 15 September 1998)

Although Bangladesh is a young nation, but it’s history goes back to the very past. First Bangladesh was part of the larger Bengal region of eastern India. Bangladesh was ruled by various groups of invaders. The Turks, the Moguls, and the British ruled it. India gained its independence on 15th August 1947 from Britain. East Bengal (Now Bangladesh) became part of Pakistan. The new nation was created on 14th August 1947 because the Muslim League demanded and independent and separate nation for the parts of the former British Indian Empire where the Muslims were a majority.
Pakistan was born with built-in-defects. It was made up of two parts, East Pakistan and West Pakistan, which were separated by a large distance because India lay between them. The two parts of Pakistan were quite different in their people and cultures. West Pakistanis took control over the new nation fast. East Pakistan turned out to be a good place for commercial investments. But the East Pakistanis (Bengalis) charged that most of the profits were drained off to West Pakistan. The West Pakistani leaders were accused of neglecting the interests of the eastern region and treating it as a colony. East Pakistanis also were not receiving their fair share f political power. They believed they were entitled to a greater voice because made up more than 55% of the nation’s total population.
Other issues such these led to frustration and disgruntlement among the Bengalis of Pakistan. The government at first refused to accept Bengali as one of the national language and wanted them speak only Urdu. Popularity elected local governments in the east was dismissed on charges of wanting to break away from Pakistan. Bengali leaders imprisoned as traitors. There were numerous riots, and a long period of military rule (from 1952 – 1971) created dangerous stress in the East.

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